International Journal of MC Square Scientific Research
The International Journal of MC Square Scientific Research (IJMSR), e-ISSN: (0975-0932) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes original papers that represent theoretical, analytical, and practical research methodologies executed in all branches of the science and engineering communities. Research articles, letters, and review articles are published two times a year. Original contributions will be thoroughly reviewed by the editorial board before publication. All published articles are a reflection of the innovative techniques supported by intensive research and consequent validation by the technically liaised dynamic editorial team. The main objective of IJMSR is to encourage profound research in the areas of science and engineering. IJMSR publishes novel research methods with novel analytics in all fields of science and engineering. IJMSR welcomes contributions from all over the world. All submissions are double-blind peer-reviewed for possible publication.
In current day wireless communication has become the most popular communication. Because of this growing demand on wireless applications has put a lot of constraints on the available radio spectrum which is incomplete and expensive. In permanent spectrum assignments there are many frequencies that are not being accurately used. So cognitive radio helps us to use these idle frequency bands which are also called as “White Spaces”. This is an exceptional approach to improve exploitation of radio electromagnetic spectrum. In Establishing the cognitive radio there are four important methods. In this paper we are going to discuss about the first and most important method to implement cognitive radio i.e., “spectrum sensing”. The challenges, issues and techniques that are involved in spectrum sensing will discussed in detail.
Spectrum Sensing, Cognitive Radio, Energy Detection and Matched Filter Detection.
Copyright (c) 2015 B Thangalakshmi and G.T Bharathy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Reliability Aware Flooding Algorithm (RAFA) In Wireless Multi-hop Networks
Flooding is a mechanism that distributes packets to every node of the network. The flooding mechanism is frequently used in many operations in wireless multi-hop networks. Since flooding exploits hop-by-hop broadcasting that suffers from unreliable transmission and fading, it is hard to achieve the reliability in flooding. As unreliable flooding may lead to a coverage hole,it will have a negative effect upon upper layer protocols. In this paper, we introduce a Reliability Aware Flooding Algorithm (RAFA), which estimates the expected reliability using two-hop topology knowledge. The estimated reliability is used for deciding whether or not to retransmit a packet. Using NS-2 simulator, we show that RAFA achieves the higher reliability than RBP by adjusting the number of retransmissions considering the network topology, regardless of the network topologies, the node density or the number of bottlenecks.
Copyright (c) 2010 I Sakthidevi and A Sangeetha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design of Novel Architecture of Filter to Removal of Noise in Digital Image
Evolvable hardware (EH) is a new field about the use of evolutionary algorithms (EA). It brings together reconfigurable hardware, artificial intelligence, fault tolerance and autonomous systems. Evolvable hardware refers to hardware that can change its architecture and behavior dynamically and autonomously by interacting with its environment This paper represent as a new technique for the design of Adaptive Median Filter within an Evolvable hardware framework, using genetic algorithm (GA), aimed at removing the impulse noise from the image and reducing distortion in the image. This implementation aims at reducing the number of generations required to provide time bound optimal filter configuration and to improve the quality of the filter designed. The GA processing and the Evolvable hardware framework is synthesized on Xilinx . In this paper investigates a high-speed non-linear Adaptive median filter implementation is presented. Then Adaptive Median Filter solves the dual purpose of removing the impulse noise from the image and reducing distortion in the image. Adaptive Median Filtering can achieve the filtering operation of an image corrupted with impulse noise .
Copyright (c) 2010 C Kumar Charle Paul, K Thirunadana Sikamani and SettingsN Kirubananda Sarathy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CH Panel Based Routing Scheme for Mobile Wireless Sensor Network
Mobile Wireless sensor networks (MWSNs) are resource constrained. Energy is one of the most important resources in such networks. Therefore, optimal use of energy is necessary. In this paper, we present a novel energy-efficient routing protocol for WSNs. The protocol is reliable in terms of data delivery at the base station (BS). We consider mobility in sensor nodes and in the BS. The proposed protocol is hierarchical and cluster based. Each cluster consists of one cluster head (CH) node, two deputy CH nodes, and some ordinary sensor nodes. The reclustering time and energy requirements have been minimized by introducing the concept of CH panel. At the initial stage of the protocol, the BS selects a set of probable CH nodes and forms the CH panel. Depending on the topology of the network, the data transmission from the CH node to the BS is carried out either directly or in multihop fashion. Moreover, alternate paths are used for data transmission between a CH node and the BS. Rigorous simulation results depict the energy efficiency, throughput, and prolonged lifetime of the nodes under the influence of the proposed protocol. Future scope of this work is outlined
Energy efficiency, mobile base station (BS), mobile nodes, reliability, routing protocol, wireless sensor networks (WSNs)
Copyright (c) 2016 Rajesh. D, M. Firoja Banu, D. Stella and Ansila. P. Grace https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Detection and Isolation of Attacks in Manet Using TS-AOMDV
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless nodes, which works well only if those mobile nodes are good and behave cooperatively. The lack of infrastructure support and resource constraint is the key issue that causes dishonest and non-co-operative nodes. Therefore, MANET is vulnerable to serious attacks. To reduce the hazards from such nodes and enhance the security of the network, this paper extends an Ad hoc On- Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) Routing protocol, named as Trust-based Secured Adhoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (TS-AOMDV), which is based on the nodes’ routing behavior. The proposed TSAOMDV aims at identifying and isolating the attacks such as flooding, black hole, and gray hole attacks in MANET. With the help of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and trust-based routing, attack identification and isolation are carried out in two phases ofrouting such as route discovery and data forwarding phase. IDS facilitates complete routing security by observing both control packets and data packets that are involved in the route identification and the data forwarding phases. To improve the routing performance, the IDS integrates the measured statistics into the AOMDV routing protocol for the detection of attackers. This facilitates the TS-AOMDV to provide better routing performance and security in MANET. Finally, the Trust based Secured AOMDV, TS-AOMDV is compared with the existing AOMDV through the NS2 based simulation model. The performance evaluation reveals that the proposed TS-AOMDV improves the performance in terms of throughput by 57.1% more than that of an AOMDV under adversary scenario. The simulated results show that the TS-AOMDV outperforms the AOMDV routing protocol
Mobile Ad-hoc Network; Intrusion Detection System; Trust; Attack Identification and Isolation
Copyright (c) 2016 Rajesh. D,Keiser Jahana S,Sivakalai R, and Jasmin Meera Banu P https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Hybrid Photovoltaic Power Converter System for Brushless DC Motor Operation and Control
In the growth of renewable generation system, photovoltaic power generation plays an important role in present era. This paper presented an effective hybrid photovoltaic power generation using hybrid Cuk-Sepic power converter in integrated form. The space vector based neuro fuzzy sensor-less control is presented for brushless DC motor in variable load operation and control. Motor drawn supply power from hybrid photovoltaic generation. A fuzzy logic based MPPT scheme is applied for hybrid photovoltaic converter to extract maximum power. This presented configuration is used to an efficient power sharing of two- photovoltaic power generation to meet out power demand on load. The system was tested under high load brushless DC motor and dump load to verify hybrid power generation capacity. The circuit was tested using MATLAB/Simulink software to verify about this control and circuit configuration.
PV (Photovoltaic system), Two-diode PV system, MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking), Fuzzy MPPT (Fuzzy based IC), hybrid Cuk-Sepic converter, VSI (Voltage Source Inverter), Sensor-Less Vector Control
Copyright (c) 2025 Visvanathan K and Sanjay S Chaudhary https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving Quality of Service Through Enhanced Node Selection Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of frivolous devices with low cost, low power and short-ranged wireless communication. The sensors in the network can communicate with each other to form a network. In this paper, we propose the Enhanced Node Selection Technique (ENST) approach for vigorous multipath QoS routing for WSNs. This approach is based on determining the optimized node that helps route discovery for improving the QoS parameters in the communication network. The selection of enhanced nodes makes the chain for route selection using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and residual energy. Simulation analysis shows that ENST improves throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery rate and extend the energy efficiency of the communication network.
wireless sensor network, throughput, end-to-end delay, energy, enhanced node selection technique
Copyright (c) 2016 S.G. Rameshkumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Experimental study and Investigation of composite coir fibre in Disk Brake Rotor
This research briefly describes the evolution of fibre composite in natural fibre as coir. The Innovative implementation of coir fibre in disk brake rotor. The fabrication process includes the production of composite base coated layes of epoxy resin along with material of reinforced polymer as silicon carbide as catalyst. Thus concluding with testing results the perfect strength of the coir fibre composite is derived.
Epoxy resin, silicon carbide, coir fibre.
Copyright (c) 2016 A Nagarajan and Aditya chauhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impedance Source Based Multi Phase Inverter Fed Variable Speed PMBLDC Motor Using Advance controller for Torque Ripple Minimization
This paper presents the advance controlling system for multiphase PMBLDC motor. This permanent magnet synchronous motor has copper losses in stator, current vibration and harmonics due to wrong selection of rotor shape is generated by the voltage saturation and more torque ripple. This voltage saturation affects the performance of the motor. The proposed multiphase permanent magnet BLDC motor is to reduce the voltage saturation and also to minimize the torque ripple. The multiphase motor have more handling capacity, high reliability and to produce high torque at same ampere volume of machine. This multiphase topology is requiring high dc source and effective control method for high speed operation. The introduced Z-source topology is used to improve source voltage boost up ability without using any DC/DC converters. Further, it reduces the line harmonics, enhance the load power factor, gives ride through ability in the course of input voltage sags and increases inverter reliability. The IFOC control strategy is possible to achieve high reliable operation at input voltage sag conditions. The proposed Z-source networks as well as IFOC scheme based multi phase motor to attain the minimum torque ripples and high voltage gain in ASD (adjustable speed drive) are analyzed in MATLAB/ SIMULINK environment.
Multi Phase, torque ripple, voltage saturation, PMSM, ZSI, IFOC, ASD (adjustable speed drive), vector control, and variable speed drives
Copyright (c) 2016 M. Simon Darsingh and Sanjay S Chaudhary https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Energy crisis is the most important issue in today‟s world. Conventional energy resources are not only limited but also the prime culprit for environmental pollution. Renewable energy resources are getting priorities in the whole world to lessen the dependency on conventional resources. Solar energy is rapidly gaining the focus as an important means of expanding renewable energy uses. Solar cells those convert sun‟s energy into electrical energy are costly and inefficient. Different mechanisms are applied to increase the efficiency of the solar cell to reduce the cost. Solar tracking system is the most appropriate technology to enhance the efficiency of the solar cells by tracking the sun. A microcontroller based design methodology of an automatic solar tracker is presented in this paper. Light dependent resistors are used as the sensors of the solar tracker. The designed tracker has precise control mechanism which will provide three ways of controlling system. A small prototype of solar tracking system is also constructed to implement the design methodology presented here.
LPC2148, ADC, KEIL4-UVision, Flash Magic
Copyright (c) 2016 S.Siva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Recognition and Tracking of Moving Object in Underwater Sonar Images
This paper presents an resourceful technique which can be used for underwater object recognition system computerization. The mainly vital thing in underwater image processing is collection of processing domain (like RGB, Gray- scale, R, G, B etc) and filter. The tracking was carried out by the application of Wiener filter that enables the tracking of objects. Underwater image processing for object recognition is a system which loads a image, pre- processes the image, filters and scales the image to find the object
RGB, Underwater, Object recognition, System, computerization, Database, Internet
Copyright (c) 2016 S.Karthik, V.Annapoorani and S.Dineshkumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Communication Technologies and Networks for Smart Grid
The present electrical grid is perchance the most engineering achievement of the 20th century. However, it is ever more outdated and overburdened, leading to costly blackouts and burnouts. For this and various other reasons, conversion hard work are ongoing to make the current electrical grid smarter. A consistent, universal and secure communication infrastructure is binding for the accomplishment and deployment of the future smart grid. Technologies are emerging in addition to the previously applied to help upgrade the current power grid. In this paper we will give an general idea of smart grid reference model, and a complete survey of the available networks for the smart grid and a serious review of the progress of wired and wireless communication technologies for grid infrastructure. Communication architecture for Home Area Networks (HANs), Neighborhood Area Networks (NANs) and Wide Area Networks (WANs) for smart grid applications. We think that this work will provide valued insights for the novices who would like to follow linked research in the SG domain.
Smart grid Communication Networks, HAN, WAN, NAN, FAN, PLC, WIFI, WIMAX, Dash 7, 3G/4G, LTE-A, ZigBee
Copyright (c) 2016 Nagaraj.V, T.R.Sumithira and S.Prabu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study on Structural Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams With Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate By Expanded Perlite
This paper explains the comparative studies on partial replacement of expanded perlite as coarse aggregate. Perlite is basically the mineral obsidian. It is naturally occurring siliceous volcanic rock. Utilization of natural resources of environment is essence of any development in concrete. Perlite gives excellent insulating properties at temperature varying from very low and very high. Using expanded perlite aggregate in concrete the total amount of cement content 70% and fly ash 30% replacement of cement. The combination reducing the effect of thermal conductivity in light weight concrete. In light weight concrete addition of perlite is reduced the density of concrete. The flexural and compressive response of concrete to be determined and 0% to 30% replacement of fine aggregate using expanded perlite. Optimum percentage of partial replacement of aggregates were obtained by conducting various strength tests such as compression and flexural strength on the casted specimens such as cubes, cylinders, prisms and beams
Copyright (c) 2016 Saratkumar07@gmail.com https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Low-Power High-Speed Amplification Using Filterbank for Digital Hearing Aids
The ANSI S1.11 1/3-octave filter bank is suitable for digital hearing aids, but its large group delay and high compu- tational complexity complicate matters considerably. This study presents a 10-ms 18-band quasi-ANSI S1.11 1/3-octave filter bank for processing 24 kHz audio signals. We first discuss a filter order optimization algorithm to define the quasi-ANSI filters. The group delay constraint of filters is limited to 10 ms. The proposed design adopts an efficient prescription-fitting algorithm to reduce inter-band interference, enabling the proposed quasi-ANSI filter bank to compensate any type of hearing loss (HL) using the NAL-NL1 or HSE prescription formulas. Simulation results re- veal that the maximum matching error in the prescriptions of the mild HL, moderate HL, and severe-to-profound HL is less than 1.5 dB. This study also investigates the complexity-effective multirate IFIR quasi-ANSI filter bank. For an 18-band digital hearing aid with a 24 kHz sampling rate, the proposed architecture eliminates approximately 93% of the multiplications and up to 74% of the storage elements, compared with a parallel FIR filters architec- ture. The proposed analysis filter bank (AFB) was designed in UMC 90 nm CMOS high-VT technology, and on the basis of post-layout simulations, it consumes 73 W. By voltage scaling (to 0.6 V), the simulation results show that the power consumption decreases to 27 W, which is approximately 30% of that consumed by the most energy-efficient AFB available in the literature for use in hearing aids.
Filter bank, hearing aid, low group delay.
Copyright (c) 2016 C. Rajalakshmi and K.Gunasekaran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design of Enhanced Half Ripple Carry Adder for VLSI Implementation of Two-Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform
This paper presents a systematic high speed VLSI implementation of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based on hardware-efficient parallel FIR filter structures. High- speed 2-D DWT with computation time as low as N2/12 can be easily achieved for an N X N image with controlled increase of hardware cost. Compared with recently published 2-D DWT architectures with computation time of N2/3 and 2N2/3, the proposed designs can also save a large amount of multipliers and/or storage elements. In proposed DWT models, adders are recognized as high potential than other components. In order to improve the efficiency of DWT process, an efficient adder called “Enhanced Half-Ripple Carry Adder (EHRCA)” has been designed in this research work. Proposed EHRCA circuit offers10.71% improvements in hardware slice utilization, 11.78% improvements in total power consumption than traditional Binary to Excess 1 Conversion (BEC) based Square Root Carry Select Adder (SQRT CSLA)
Binary to Excess 1 Conversion based Carry Select Adder, Carry Select Adder, Hybrid and lifting based Discrete Wavelet Transformation Technique, Row and Column Wise Compression, Very Large Scale Integration
Copyright (c) 2016 K.Gunasekaran and D.Regan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design and Implementation of Efficient Advanced Encryption Standard Composite S-Box with CM-Mode
Advanced Encryption Standard is the most popular cryptographic security algorithm used for data protection and transmission. The paper proposes an implementation of the AES new Mix- Column operation. In this paper, an enhanced Mix- Column is designed for AES decryption through Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) System design environment. In AES Mix-Column, large number of logic gates used to perform the multiplication of input stage bytes (output of shift row) and fixed defined state bytes. In order to decrease this problem, the redundant function of Mix-Column is eliminated and re-designed in this paper. Proposed model of Mix-Column minimizes 25% of logic gates compared with previous work. Further, the proposed Mix-Column of AES decryption achieves by improving the performance of area, delay and power consumption. The implementation of the transformation is optimized and increase speed.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Rijindael Algorithm, Enhanced Mix-Column, S-box, Composite Field Arithmetic (CFA), Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)
Copyright (c) 2016 M.Sharmila and K.Gunasekaran https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Remote Display Access Using Remote Frame Buffer and IO Streaming
This paper propose a virtual network computing (VNC) based architecture for accessing the desktops of remote computers from a cellular phone. A viewer is provided on the cellular phone that enables the user to see and manipulate the desktop of various remote systems such as MS Windows, Macintosh, and UNIX. The system to be accessed must be running a VNC server and it must be attached to a network. A proxy is used to send the image of the desktop to the cellular phone, to convert different devices, to suppress network traffics, and to support recovery from an unscheduled disconnection. To reduce user effort and solve problems inherent to the cellular phone‟s small screen, several functions are provided on the cellular viewer. Frequently used screen areas can be assigned and restored quickly by using the Shortcut function. The Guidance function can be used to show the current key assignments. Two areas can be viewed at the same time by the Twin view function. In this paper a prototype of the proposed architecture has been implemented using Java and has been tested on a Java-enabled cellular phone emulator
VNCserver, SVNCserver, VNC Viewer, Remote Frame Buffer Protocol (RFB) and Compact Remote Frame Buffer Protocol (CRFB)
Copyright (c) 2016 N.Snehalatha, T.S. Shiny Angel and S.Amudha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CMOS Design of Low Power High Speed Hybrid Full Adder
In this paper, the design of hybrid full adder CMOS design is presented. There are various design modules are used to implement the hybrid full adder design. Transmission gate logic based hybrid full adder design is implemented in this paper by using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic for low power applications. In general, the full adder performance evaluation is analyzed for 1 bit and these design bit size is extended up to 4 bit for various applications like ALU Unit. For high speed applications, the proposed design is used and also it reduces the delay and power than existing design. Extended 4-bit full adder is performed with low power voltages and reduced number of transistor counts. There are various logic is used to design a full adder to check the synthesis comparisons through schematic design.Proposed design is designed in S-Edit, these output waveform and simulation results are evaluated in T-Spice by using Tanner EDA Tool.
Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS), Electronic Design Automation (EDA), Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU).
Copyright (c) 2015 N.Snehalatha, T.S. Shiny Angel and S.Amudha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The AstroBell is an exciting new hardware project which allows users to interact with visitors at their front door in a fun and functional way via., their Smartphone, tablet or smart watch. Assess the caller, then respond quickly and easily with a personal message, or choose from a list of pre-loaded templates, which will appear instantly on the AstroBell for your visitor to see. AstroBell is the safest implementation of technology over cloud and embedded with hardware systems which come as a portable device for seamless communication between the front door person and Smartphone user. A Wi-Fi enabled battery-powered hardware device encompassing pushbutton, LCD screen and USB camera. This unit will be located on the user's front door. A cloud server hosting the main AstroBell database that enables communication between the AstroBell devices on the user's front door
Smart phone, LCD Screen, USB camera, Flash Magic, Keil UVision
Copyright (c) 2016 S.Kayalvizhi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This paper describes the design and development of a system that incorporates a low-cost and flexible home control and monitoring system for accessing and controlling household appliances (like lights, fans, door locks, etc., ) remotely by sending SMS using a custom made Android Smart Phone Application. The cellular communication (GSM) is a potential solution for such remote controlling activities. Remotely, the system allows the home owner to monitor and control the home appliances via mobile phone set by sending commands in the form of SMS messages. The system uses the Android Application for control of appliances and therefore the system is more adaptable and cost-effective and also providing ubiquitous access for appliance control.
Mobile handset; Android Application; Arduino Uno microcontroller; short message service (SMS); GSM SIM900 module; AT command set
Copyright (c) 2016 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
improved Distributed Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (DCSS) for Cognitive Radio ADHOC Network
Cooperation among cognitive radios for spectrum sensing is deemed essential for environments with deep shadows. In this paper, we study cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio ad hoc networks where there is no fusion center to aggregate the information from various secondary users. We propose a novel consensus-inspired cooperative sensing scheme based on linear iterations that is fully distributed and low-cost. In addition, the trade-offs on the number of consensus iterations are explored for scenarios with different shadow fading characteristics. Furthermore, we model Insistent Spectrum Sensing Data Falsification (ISSDF) attack aimed at consensus-based iterative schemes and show its destructive effect on the cooperation performance which accordingly results in reduced spectrum efficiency and increased interference with primary users. We propose a trust management scheme to mitigate these attacks and evaluate the performance improvement through extensive Monte Carlo simulations for large-scale cognitive radio ad hoc networks in TV white space. Our proposed trust management reduces the harm of a set of collusive ISSDF attackers up to two orders of magnitude in terms of missed-detection and false alarm error rates. Moreover, in a hostile environment, integration of trust management into cooperative schemes considerably relaxes the sensitivity requirements on the cognitive radio devices.
Dynamic spectrum access, Cognitive radio ad hoc networks, Distributed consensus-based cooperative spectrum sensing, Trust management, Insistent spectrum sensing data falsification attack
Copyright (c) 2015 Rajesh. D https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A New Vector Control for Brushless DC Motor Using Effective Photovoltaic Power Source
In increasing demand of non-renewable power source, renewable power generation is create impact on power demand. PV (Photovoltaic) source is having notable merits such as noiseless, pollution free and high efficient power generation over wind power generation. This paper proposed a sensor less vector control of Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor using space vector Pulse width modulation generation. Photovoltaic power sources is used for supplying power for brushless DC drive and power generation capability of PV (Photovoltaic) is improved by fuzzy logic based maximum power point tracking scheme is proposed in this paper. Proposed MPPT is a modified form of incremental conductance and its overcome demerits such as extraction in local area, extended commutation time of solar array. The control and estimation of parameters are effectively derives in proposed vector control scheme without need of additional loops. The enhanced of proposed scheme is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink results.
PV (Photovoltaic system), Two-diode PV system, MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking), Fuzzy MPPT (Fuzzy based IC), VSI (Voltage Source Inverter), Sensor-Less Vector Control
Copyright (c) 2015 Visvanathan K https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Indirect Field Oriented Control Based Five Phase NPC Multilevel Inverter for Reducing Torque Pulsation in PMBLDC Drive
This paper presents a three level based five phase Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter fed Permanent Magnet Brushless DC drive application. The performances of motor are enhanced depend upon mathematical model. Thus, the parameter variation such as noise, flux variation, common mode voltage and harmonic level of the motor or inverter. The voltage saturation is one of the major problems of a motor due to the more current fluctuations and speed oscillations. This issue can be resolved by using PWM technique based on the reference motor torque and flux. In this paper indirect field oriented control (IFOC) based NPC inverter is used to minimize the torque ripple and also reduce the voltage saturation. Generally, the three level neutral point clamped inverter is used for medium and high level applications. Compared with conventional two level type of inverter, this type of NPC inverters have more advantages. It is used to generate the greater number of levels output waveform in lower harmonic content at the same switching frequency and less voltage stress throughout the semiconductor switches. At last the motor performance and control schemes are analyzed and verified by using Matlab/Simulink software environment.
Multilevel Inverter, Five phase BLDC motor Drive, Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC), Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) Inverter, PMSM drive, Pulse Width Modulation
Copyright (c) 2015 M.Simon Darsingh and Sanjay S Chaudhary https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparative Study and Performance Analysis of Automotive Braking System
The current breaking system of automobile is analyzed in this paper. In the automobile field braking system is one of the most important think. The braking system needs good functioning and maintenance. In order to increase the efficiency, the disk brake is alternate for the drum brake. In this analysis various materials are used for both drum and disk brake. A hydraulic line to the caliper is used by brake fluid. In the Brake rotor brake pads are fitted. The axial of the vehicle had rim with tyre setup for brake attachment. The brake rotor material is efficiency and corrosion varies. The disk rotor is analyzed by new materials and the results are compared with existing material.
Braking system, disk rotor, Material optimization, drum brake, Brake pads
Copyright (c) 2015 A Nagarajan and Aditya chauhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Power Efficient Multicast Opportunistic Routing Protocol (PEMOR) to Optimize Lifetime of MANET
The main idea of this paper is to propose an opportunistic multicast routing protocol with awareness of energy to adopt with the highly dynamic environment of Mobile Adhoc Network. The nodes spread in MANET environment is divided into several multicasting regions based on the geographical location. Each and every node is present in any one of the multicasting region. Each region is assigned with group address. When the source node forwards the data to a multicast group, the source node forwards the data through the node with highest power among the neighbor so, the proposed multicast routing scheme optimizes the total power consumption and increase the lifetime of the network. The performance is evaluated by comparing the results with the traditional method MAODV.
Opportunistic routing, multicasting, MANET, AODV, geographical location
Copyright (c) 2015 V. D. KeerthiAnand https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Motion Estimation Search Algorithm Using New Cross Hexagon-Diamond Search Pattern
Motion estimation is the part of the most computational complexity and the greatest impact on the performance in H.264. Motion estimation is a very important part of video compression. H.264 Video coding standard provides improved bit rate reduction and coding efficiency when compared with other existing standards such as H.261, H.262/MPEG- 2,H.263.Various algorithm have been developed for the process of motion estimation to improve better quality and reduce less number of computational time. Cross, hexagon, diamond are adaptive search techniques for motion estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed motion estimation scheme achieves reducing 19.99% motion estimation time and PSNR value is 24.67dB. Motion estimation algorithms are developed and analyzed using MATLAB environment.
H.264, PSNR, Video compression, Efficiency, motion estimation.
Copyright (c) 2015 T.Rajavelu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Comparative Study of Different Wavelet Techniques: Denoising the Speckle Noise for Ultrasound images using LABVIEW
Biomedical images are generally corrupted by speckle noise and Gaussian noise. Speckle noise is multiplicative type whereas other noises like Gaussian noise are additive type. It is difficult to remove multiplicative noise from images. Latest domain in the field of Image denoising and compression is using wavelet analysis. Multiresolutional image analysis using wavelets is the latest modification in the field of image enhancement and denoising. Speckle Noise is the high frequency content in the ultrasound images and can be easily removed using wavelet based thresholding technique. This paper presents study of various techniques for removal of speckle noise from images, used in biomedical applications, such as Spatial and frequency domain filter and a modified algorithm for speckle noise reduction using wavelet based multiresolutional analysis and thresholding function has been proposed incorporating different wavelets such as Haar, Coiflets, Daubechies and Symlets
Speckle Noise, noise filtering techniques, Multiresolutional, Wavelet thresholding, DWT transform, LabVIEW tools
Copyright (c) 2015 Govindan.M https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Complex Texture Features for Glaucoma Diagnosis Using Support Vector Machine
In this paper, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features are effectively utilized for glaucoma diagnosis. Early diagnosis of glaucoma is important to protect vision loss. The proposed system uses four GLCM features such as Contrast, Correlation, Energy, and Homogeneity for the diagnosis. In order to effectively use these features for glaucoma detection they are extracted using the optical density transformed fundus image along with the original features. The classification of fundus image into normal or abnormal is obtained by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. An internal database of 200 images is utilized for the performance analysis. The results show that the proposed approach helps the ophthalmologists to make their decision very accurately. The proposed system provides 95% classification accuracy.
Glaucoma, colour fundus image, GLCM, SVM classifier, Optical density image
Copyright (c) 2015 Srinivasan C , Suneel Dubey and Ganeshbabu TR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Object Recognition Based on Empirical Wavelet Transform
Object recognition is the method of finding an object in an image. We recognize objects without any effort easily. It is a challenging task for computer vision systems due to the size, shape, and structure of objects in an image. In this paper, an efficient object recognition system is presented based on Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT). The energy features obtained form the EWT decomposed image is used as features for the given object. As EWT, a multiresolution analysis, the given image is decomposed at various level of decomposition and the obtained features are analyzed at each level of decomposition. The evaluation of the system is carried on Columbia Object Image Library Dataset (COIL) which consists of 100 objects captured at different orientations. The classification is done with K- nearest neighbor (KNN) which gives 98.42% accuracy.
Object recognition, Empirical wavelet transform, Energy Features, KNN classifier
Copyright (c) 2015 Murugan S, Anjali Bhardwaj, Ganeshbabu TR https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improved Soft Start Capability of Induction Motor Using Solar Power Generation Based Z Source Inverter
This Paper present the photovoltaic power generation based Z Source inverter fed induction motor for enhanced soft start capability. The solar decentralization of power generation and increasing purpose of non-conventional energy sources has become requirement to assume a low cost power generating system for operating in remote areas. The Solar Power Generation System based Z Source inverter for feeding dynamic (induction motor drive) as well as static load is proposed and implemented for rural and remote areas. Hence, in this topology used to achieve better efficiency and reliability of the system while compared to conventional VSI type scheme. The solar cell model is formulated using basic single diode circuit equations of the photovoltaic cells admitting the effects of temperature changes and solar irradiation. Here, the Z- Source inverter is uses a unique impedance network coupled with inverter circuit and also used to realize the boosted DC to AC conversion. Induction motor has ability to self start outstanding to the interaction between the rotor winding flux and rotating magnetic field flux, inducing a high rotor current as torque is increased. In this paper proposed the design of soft starter fed induction motor by controlling the applied voltage. It is used to provide the low cost, size, better performance of startup machine, Controlled acceleration and improvement of efficiency. The corresponding simulation results have been verified using Matlab/Simulink Environment.
Photovoltaic (PV) Cell, Soft Starter, Z Source Inverter, Induction Motor (IM), Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)
Copyright (c) 2015 R. Padmapriyadharishini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0